![]() 2013) as well as a substantial risk factor for suicidal or otherwise harmful behavior in many affected individuals (DeVylder and Hilimire 2015 Fujita et al. Verbal auditory hallucinations (VAH) are a core symptom of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and constitute a major source of disease-related distress (Badcock et al. Due to possible favorable effects on clinical outcomes, therapeutic concepts that strengthen instrumental/agentic traits could be a feasible target for psychotherapeutic interventions in voice hearing, especially in women. The gender of both voice and voice hearer shapes the voice hearing experience in manifold ways. These positive effects seem to be more pronounced in women. Regarding voice appraisals, high levels of traits associated with masculinity (=instrumentality/agency) correlated with favorable voice appraisals and balanced power perceptions between voice and voice hearer. Command hallucinations that encouraged participants to harm others were predominantly male. Although basic phenomenological characteristics of voices were similar in both genders, women showed greater amounts of distress caused by the voices and reported a persistence of voices for longer time periods. Men heard significantly more male than female dominant voices, while the gender ratio of dominant voices was balanced in women. Additionally, the voice hearers’ individual masculine/feminine traits were recorded. One hundred seventeen participants with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder took part in a semi-structured interview about the phenomenology of their voices and completed standardized self-rating questionnaires on their beliefs about their most dominant male and female voices and the power differentials in their respective voice-voice hearer interactions. For less urgent help, see our getting help and support page.Voice hearing has been conceptualized as an interrelational framework, where the interaction between voice and voice hearer is reciprocal and resembles “real-life interpersonal interactions.” Although gender influences social functioning in “real-life situations,” little is known about respective effects of gender in the voice hearing experience. If you need help in a crisis, please call 111. If you would like to find out more about our work, become a member or get your self-help group listed on our website, please contact us at:Įmail: we do our best to reply promptly, our email is managed by a small team of trained volunteers and we get more enquiries than we can often manage.
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